The location of the chimney relative to the ridge: how high should the stove pipe be?

The location and height of the chimney pipe relative to the roof ridge directly affects the efficiency and safety of using the heating system. If mistakes are made during construction, comfortable operation of the house is simply impossible. That is why it is extremely important to determine the exact value before repair and construction work begins.

General requirements

Today, construction companies offer a huge number of architectural roof solutions. Naturally, all of them are carried out taking into account individual characteristics and prescribed standards. But when determining what height the chimney should be, there are conditions that are met regardless of which project is chosen.

Optimal length and diameter

The chord of the smoke exhaust pipe must be greater than or equal to the Ø of the heating device pipe. Typically, this information is indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions that are attached to other documentation when purchasing a heating device. SNiP identifies the total length of the chimney as 5 meters and its elevation above the upper horizontal rib as 50 centimeters.

These requirements for the minimum height of the chimney pipe above the roof ridge must be observed. Otherwise, the use of the structure will be unsafe.

The smallest value does not have to be the real one. During construction this figure may be increased. In this case, operation is permitted and does not affect the reliability of the pipes, but at the same time the efficiency of the heating system decreases. The difference as a result can change by 20 or even 30%. The indicator is too high to simply ignore it, so during construction it is better to calculate everything in advance or stop at the rise recommended by the manufacturer.

Height above the ridge of a pitched roof

This type of roof requires a particularly careful approach to determining the correct size of the chimney. The fact is that the upper horizontal rib can become an obstacle to the free movement of air masses. Having encountered it, the wind will change its natural direction. As a result, the gas rising from the furnace will not be drawn out. On the contrary, it will return to the room, filling it. To avoid this, it is necessary to be guided by existing regulatory documents.

Diagram for determining the roof slope angle.

SNiP, in turn, prescribe the use of the following rules:

1. If the gap between the chimney outlet point and the ridge is no more than 1.5 m in a straight line, then the height of the chimney above the roof should be 0.5 m.
2. If the distance is in the range from 1.5 to 3 m, then the maximum point of the pipeline may coincide with the ridge.
3. If the interval is more than 3 m, a special calculation is required. It is carried out individually by masters.

Correct sizing will allow you to use the heating system efficiently without creating additional problems.

Influence on the length of the furnace stroke of nearby high-rise buildings

As mentioned earlier, pitched ceilings themselves can become the strongest obstacle to the normal operation of the smoke duct. But besides them, tall buildings located near the house can become such a barrier. They also change the movement of air masses, making it difficult for the smoke to escape normally.

Calculation of the height of the chimney pipe above the roof should be carried out taking into account the surrounding architecture. For this purpose, specially developed schemes are used. It is better to turn to the experts for help. After taking measurements, they will prepare important recommendations.

Where it is not recommended to make a channel for smoke exit

To ensure comfortable and safe use of chimney structures, you should consider some general rules about where it is better not to install them. Among other things, architects advise avoiding installation in the following locations:

1. In close proximity to the skylights. These structures themselves are complex and require the use of special fasteners during installation. The chimney can damage them, not to mention the fact that even a weak wind can blow gas waste towards the glass unit. Naturally, in such conditions you will not want to open them.
2. On the inner corners of the roof. These areas of the roof are considered the most dangerous and short-lived, and repairs near the chimney are difficult and costly.
3. When using several heating systems inside the house at once, it is not recommended to separate their chimneys. It is much more convenient and practical to remove waste through separate channels into a single wide opening. In this case, it is calculated according to an individual project.

Installation of the structure requires careful calculation. It is not always possible to do the work yourself, so it is better to get advice at the design stage.

Types of systems

The design of sauna stoves includes 2 types of chimneys:

• Indigenous. They are organized next to the stove, using a special pipe for connection, through which the smoke goes into the main channel. One chimney can be used for 2-3 stoves. The main thing is that its internal diameter has the appropriate parameters, and the pipes from each heating device are located at different heights;
• Systems with a mounted pipe are mounted directly on the stove pipe and discharged through the roof. This chimney option is the most common for sauna stoves.

Classification of chimneys according to installation location includes 2 types:

• External. Their main part is located on the street and fixed to the wall using a bracket. They are not particularly recommended for baths, as they quickly cool down, losing precious heat.
• Internal. These are vertical structures with good traction, located inside the building.

Depending on the material used, chimneys are:

• Brick. A traditional look, characterized by labor-intensive masonry and high requirements for compliance with all parameters. They have a lot of advantages: durability, fire safety, strength, good thermal insulation and heat accumulation. Disadvantages include the roughness and angularity of the inner surface on which soot deposits accumulate;
• A metal chimney is faster to install and costs less. It has a perfectly smooth surface, but weaker heat-retaining characteristics;
• A combined version, including 2 parts: the lower one is made of brick, the upper one is made of a modern sandwich pipe. Allows you to organize neat, small passages that are easier to cover with heat-resistant material.

Channel requirements

The location of the chimney relative to the ridge is not the only issue during construction. It is important to take into account the recommendations and pay attention to the following:

1. The material is selected depending on the fuel the boiler runs on. For a gas, stove or solid fuel unit, a stainless steel pipeline would be a good option.
2. The number of heating devices should not exceed two per chimney. Otherwise, there is a high risk of incorrect diameter calculation. When using two heating devices, one type of fuel must be used, and the diameter of the pipes can be no larger than the chord of the chimney itself.
3. It is preferable to construct a cylindrical or round pipe. This design allows you to create ideal draft, preventing smoke from returning to the room.

By following these simple rules, you can achieve efficient operation of your heating system.

Recommendations

It happens that in addition to heating equipment, a house has a fireplace or a gas heater, and each of them requires its own smoke exhaust channel. Naturally, no one will build a chimney for every appliance. In this case, a combined chimney with several channels is made, taking into account the power of each device, the type of fuel and the amount of combustion products produced.

Such structures have several advantages:

• stable operation of all devices;
• saving living space;
• saving money and labor costs.

The calculation of such a structure must be entrusted to professionals.

Steel chimney

It happens that in addition to heating equipment, a house has a fireplace or a gas heater, and each of them requires its own smoke exhaust channel. Naturally, no one will build a chimney for every appliance. In this case, a combined chimney with several channels is made, taking into account the power of each device, the type of fuel and the amount of combustion products produced.

Distance of the chimney from the ridge

To ensure sufficient draft, it is necessary to correctly calculate where to install the chimney duct. This takes into account the type of roof and the surrounding buildings. The flow of wind passing over the roof is of great importance.

Technological regulations

All rules and requirements for heating are specified in building codes. In particular, specialists are required to:

1. The total length of the pipe was at least 5 meters from the grate to the outlet, with the exception of houses with a roofless structure. Otherwise, sufficient traction will not be provided.
2. The height of the chimney above the flat roof was at least half a meter.
3. The chimney outlet must be located no lower than the line of the top point of the ridge. In this case, it is necessary to maintain an inclination of 10 degrees relative to the horizon.

Graphic and mathematical methods

The most complex calculation option involves the use of this technique. It is usually used when the distance from the pipe to the ridge exceeds 3 m, although other situations also occur.

Calculation of the parameter taking into account the wind support zone

This is the name given to an area where the air pressure is increased compared to the rest. The air masses here encounter an obstacle, which reduces the traction force of the chimney. In the worst case scenario, the treated gases begin to flow back into the room.

If such a situation arises, calculations must be carried out according to a different scheme. To begin with, a sketch is drawn that takes into account the height of both buildings. Next, the angle between them is determined.

Safety first

The temperature of the chimney in the bathhouse can rise to critical limits, so the organization of the system must comply with fire safety requirements:

• Connections of individual parts of the pipe must be strictly sealed;
• The places where the pipe passes through the ceiling are insulated from wooden elements with fireproof material (sand, asbestos, expanded clay);
• The pipe exit through the roof is treated with waterproofing designed to protect the sheathing from moisture.

We suggest you read: The cheapest foundation for a bathhouse

Pipe section

This design parameter is critical to ensuring the efficiency of the heating system. It is determined primarily by the shape of the chimney.

When using a classic cylindrical or round channel, it is enough to follow a simple rule: the cross-section of the pipeline should be proportional to the combustion chamber in the amount of 1 to 10. If a square shape is used during construction, the proportions should be 1 to 1.5.

If the requirements are met, the heat output will be sufficiently effective to ensure proper operation of the stove heating. In this case, the boiler itself will not be overloaded, working at 100%, but without wear.

Important nuances of calculating a chimney

Even with the help of a seemingly simple formula, it is not always possible to achieve the desired result. During construction, it is necessary to take into account several more important details. One of them concerns the diameter of the outlet. If you select it correctly, you can achieve additional advantages:

1. Reduce fuel consumption.
2. Regulate the operation of the heating system.
3. Ensure absolute safety.

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the material used and existing ventilation. It depends on them how well the exhaust gas will be removed.

Criteria for determining the height of the chimney above the ridge with a table

There are many conditions that must be taken into account in order to calculate the length of the chimney. Some of them are more important, others less. Here's what you should pay close attention to first:

1. Where will the chimney be located relative to the ridge fin?
2. What wind rose is typical for the area in which the house is built, how intense the gusts are at different times of the year.
3. How much precipitation falls in the region and what form is dominant. Snow, or more precisely, the thickness of its coverage in winter, is of great importance.
4. What angle of inclination of the ceiling is planned to be arranged.
5. Are there any obstacles near the roof that could change the strength and direction of air flow?

All of these factors should be correlated with the type of fuel that is planned to be used for stove heating and other construction features.

A couple of tips

When the house has alternative heating, it also requires a chimney. But it is unprofitable to produce different smoke exhaust systems. It is easier to combine them into one, which will connect all the channels made taking into account such parameters as equipment power, amount of smoke and type of fuel. Such structures have a number of advantageous qualities:

• they save living space;

• all systems work stably;

• time, money and labor are saved.

What is prohibited to do when assembling a chimney

Some actions when calculating the height and subsequent arrangement of the chimney above the roof are not recommended, so as not to create additional problems or emergency situations.
It is also not allowed to fix the chimney pipe to the rafters. The static position of the pipe is too easy to disturb, for example, when exposed to an intense gust of wind. If the chimney damages the rafters themselves, expensive and extremely difficult repairs will not be avoided. In the worst case, they will be completely destroyed, making it impossible to operate the house.

Electric oven installation

It is much easier to solve the problem of how to properly install a stove in a bathhouse powered from the mains. The placement of such a unit is simplified due to its more modest dimensions and the absence of connection to the chimney, which is not necessary.

But in this case, other requirements arise, primarily related to electrical safety.

The main advantage of an electric furnace is independent installation. Source usproekt.ru

When installing an electric furnace, it must be grounded. If this is difficult to implement, then grounding is used by connecting the ground wire of the unit to the neutral terminals on the distribution panel. Also, to avoid short circuits during power surges, a residual current device (RCD) is installed.

Certain requirements are also imposed on the wiring: its cross-section must correspond to the power consumption and voltage in the network. And the shell material must be heat-resistant.

Height and cross-section - is there a connection?

The length of the channel and its diameter are directly related. It is their correct ratio that allows you to create sufficient draft to remove gas waste. A smaller chimney helps lower the air temperature, which means the draft force is reduced. On the other hand, a pipe that is too wide also contributes to the rapid cooling of the air flow.

The result of incorrect determination of parameters can be reduced draft, condensation on the surface and the impossibility of normal heating of the room, simultaneously with the removal of harmful substances. Consequently, much more fuel will be consumed in the heating process, and costs will increase significantly.

A little about traction

With the help of draft, what arises during the combustion process comes out of the chimney. Due to the movement of air currents, negative substances escape into the atmosphere. What factors does craving depend on? First of all, the height of the chimney pipe plays a big role. It also depends on the air temperature outside the room and in the chimney itself.

During the period when fuel is burned, the temperature can reach 250°. In contact with the metal pipe, the hot gas cools down, it falls, resulting in good traction. Moisture condensation in the chimney destroys the structure and impairs draft. This usually occurs in winter at low temperatures. In order to remove condensation, smoke exhausters are installed to create artificial draft.

Craving is usually determined using the “old-fashioned method.” The stove door opens and with the damper open, a lit match is brought to it. A match flame will show whether there is draft in the stove. If he is pulled inward, the pull is strong. If it blows into the room, then a phenomenon called reverse draft occurs. In such cases, the stove will smoke and should not be lit.

This occurs when the chimney is clogged or faulty. Therefore, from time to time, the chimney system is cleaned and repaired.