Standards for the construction and arrangement of a bathhouse at a summer cottage

It has been established that permanent buildings and structures with a solid foundation erected on a private plot require state registration.

The question of whether it is necessary to obtain permission to build a bathhouse is becoming relevant for many owners of private land. In this case, the decision to register the constructed bathhouse is made based on data on the type and dimensions of the structure, as well as the characteristics of the site.

Documents that regulate construction

For gardening non-profit partnerships (SNT), the standards for the construction of a bathhouse on a summer cottage are regulated by SP 53.13330.2011 and SNiP 30-02-97 (updated by additions from 2022).

Issues related to the registration of structures are addressed in the following codes:

Tax;
Civil;
Housing

Issues of real estate registration (in some cases, baths fall under this category) are regulated by Federal Law No. 340.

Main risks

There are few professional companies specializing in the construction of baths. But competition in this direction is high - the owners themselves, freelance craftsmen and other construction companies offering a wide range of services get down to business.

Seasonality in this direction of construction plays a secondary role, but still a certain decline is observed in late autumn and winter. You can minimize this risk if you master the arrangement of baths and saunas in already built houses, entertainment complexes, hotels and other establishments.

The main risk is improper execution of work and errors by builders. The professionalism of our employees will help you avoid claims from dissatisfied customers and the need to correct mistakes.

Do I need to register a bathhouse?

According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Article 131), mandatory registration of an object is necessary if we are talking about real estate. Therefore, the owner needs to determine whether his bathhouse is movable or immovable property. It all depends on the type of construction. A capital structure with a deep foundation is real estate. It is directly connected to the earth. Separation from the soil without serious damage is impossible. These characteristics of real estate are defined in Art. 130 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Additionally, pay attention to the presence of a foundation and communications. In this case, you cannot do without registration.

If we talk about mobile saunas made of timber, these are very light structures that represent a large construction set. The disassembled building is brought to the site, where it is assembled element by element. This installation technology allows, if necessary, to disassemble the bathhouse without damaging it. Such structures are considered movable property. When moving, they are transported and re-erected in a new location. They do not require pouring a solid concrete base, nor do they require registration.

The state registration procedure becomes mandatory in three more cases:

Construction of a bathhouse for commercial use.
The extension is combined with the cottage.
If in theory it can be used as a living space.

In 2022, new registration rules came into effect. Now, before construction, the project must be agreed upon with local authorized bodies. Those who have been engaged in construction since last year, but did not manage to complete it, should also contact the administration for approval.

How to choose a developer for a bathhouse

One of the most optimal ways to acquire a bathhouse is to build it on a turnkey basis. You can choose a developer using the advice of friends and acquaintances. Reviews about the company on the Internet are also important. But do not forget that the presence of only positive reviews is alarming, because negative ones can be deleted by the company itself. The downside is that some companies may deliberately spread negative reviews about their competitors. (you can read more about competition in our article: “Unfair competition. What risks does it pose for the consumer?”).

Another way to choose a developer company is to see and touch the actual bathhouse they built. This opportunity is provided by the exhibition “Low-Rise Country”. Having arrived here, you can evaluate the quality of the bathhouse construction and even consult on lending with banks - partners of the exhibition.

Package of documents for registration

Before contacting the authorized bodies, you should prepare:

Owner's passport. If a representative is applying, a notarized or general power of attorney is required.
Application according to the established form. The address of the future building must be indicated.
Documents confirming ownership (this is an extract from the Unified State Register, a certificate of the owner).
Boundary plan of the site.
Construction permit (if the construction is major).
Project documentation. Here the technical parameters of the future building, dimensions, number of rooms, equipment for organizing heating are indicated. As well as selected building materials.
Data on engineering communications. Here are the layout diagrams for wastewater and drainage systems.
Receipts proving payment of state fees.

Contacting the authorized bodies is carried out in person or through a proxy.
The package of documents can be sent by mail. Another simple way to submit an application is through the MFC. After receiving the documents, the data will be checked. They will determine whether the planned facility complies with urban planning standards. Lack of response within 7-10 days is a sign that no violations were detected. Construction can begin within 10 years. Refusal is possible if the construction violates the norms or if not all required documents are attached. After completing construction, the owner re-notifies the administration for inspection. After which the object is registered in Rosreestr.

Conclusion

A bathhouse is considered a permanent structure if it has:

rest rooms;
electricity, heating, water provided.

If the premises are larger than 50 m2, then you need to pay tax.

A permit is required to construct such a structure. And upon completion of construction - registration in Rosreestr.

There is no need to register with the state an extension to outbuildings, a small room without amenities and communications.

To obtain permission and registration, you must follow a number of rules and collect a package of documents. If everything is done legally and correctly, you can avoid litigation and penalties. Whether it is necessary to break the law is shown in the video:

What are the consequences of not registering?

The new bill is effective from March 1, 2022. From this date, all buildings that are capital, but have not passed state registration, are considered unauthorized.

What does this mean for the owner:

it will not be possible to install sewerage, electricity, water; a plot on which there are such buildings cannot be sold, changed, bequeathed or donated.

The owner will have to legitimize the structure. It will be necessary to prove that it complies with established standards. But in some cases this is not possible. For example, making a real estate item movable property. You will have to go to court and order an examination. The owner may be required to demolish the structure at his own expense. If this requirement is not met, a fine may be imposed.

Bill No. 301854-7 on liability for non-compliance with the requirements of the Civil Code establishes the following fine amounts:

from 2000 to 5,000 rub. – initial amount;
in case of late payment, the amount of the fine will increase from 20,000 to 50,000 rubles;
The demolition of the building is carried out at the expense of the owner of the dacha plot.

Requirements for a building site

The construction of a bathhouse is possible on sites of various types. Location: cities, towns, villages. Construction is permitted on areas intended for personal gardening work. According to Federal Law No. 217, capital structures are allowed to be built on garden lands. In garden plots, only temporary and outbuildings are allowed.

What requirements do the construction standards put forward for the land plot where the bathhouse will be installed?

elevation, this will simplify the organization of drains, used water will flow away by gravity;
slope in any direction except north;
the soil is dense, without swelling or displacement.

If there is a pond on the site, the place is chosen so that the building does not flood in the spring.

How to properly register a sauna as your property

Registration consists of several stages.
Before registering a steam room with amenities and relaxation rooms as capital construction, you must obtain permission for it. Attention. You cannot first build an object and then legitimize it. This is considered unauthorized construction by government agencies and a fine will be imposed. And if the steam room is in a natural area protected by law, then demolition.

Location of the bathhouse on the land plot

For the construction of a bathhouse, a site on a hill is selected. This will protect the structure from flooding when the groundwater level rises. It is not permissible to run water pipes, electricity and gas networks, or other utilities under the structure.

Standards for calculating distances when building a bathhouse on a site:

An object	Distance to building, m
House	8
Forest	15
Tall trees	4
Shrubs	1
Reservoirs	22
Wells, wells	12
roadway	5

The bathhouse and the red line are separated from each other at a distance of more than 5 m. This is the name of the boundaries separating lands for public and private use. They are marked in red on maps and plans.

In 2022, according to construction standards, the distance from the fence to the bathhouse was 2.5 m. Now the situation has changed. Incidents of fire in the private sector have become more frequent, so legislation has tightened this point. In accordance with the updated construction standards, the distance from the fence has increased to 3 meters. It is permissible to reduce it to a meter when installing drainage ditches and drains.

Compliance with the norms of distance from the fence when building a bathhouse is a guarantee that you will not break the law and will not disturb anyone.

Distance from neighbors' fence

According to the law, the location of a steam room in a country house is permitted at a distance of more than 1 m from the neighboring plot. A distance of more than 15 meters is made from wooden buildings, including those belonging to neighbors. Autonomous sewerage is removed from them by 1.5 m or more. There should be more than 12 m of space between the chopped steam room and the neighbor’s wooden structure.

The norms for the construction of a bathhouse or sauna regulate the following distance from the neighbors’ fence:

1 meter - if a sewer drain and drainage drain are equipped.
3 meters - if they are absent. These are the basic standards for indentation when building a bathhouse, which should be taken into account during the construction process.

Planning principles

There are general rules for planning areas where the bathhouse is located:

determine the boundary of the site;
decide whether the bathhouse will be a separate building or will be part of a house, garage or other building;
locate all outbuildings behind the residential building.

One of the basic rules when planning is to get to know your neighbors and tell them where the bathhouse and other facilities will be located. This is important, since it will not be possible to place a well or pumping station next to your neighbor’s toilet. Another rule is to carry out land surveying.

To do this, you need to call a surveyor and determine the boundaries of the site : the engineer with the information enters all the information into the cadastral map, where the boundaries of the territory will be visible. Thanks to the presence of a cadastral plan, there will be no future disputes with neighbors.

It is also important to decide whether the bathhouse will be a free-standing structure. This solution is relevant if the plot has dimensions of more than 6 acres. Otherwise, it is better to attach the bathhouse to other structures. For example, owners often decide to build a bathhouse on the ground floor of a residential building with an entrance from the terrace. Sometimes the entrance to the sauna is from the garage, which also saves space.

When placing a bathhouse together with other buildings, do not forget about the presence of all the necessary premises for the operation of the sauna: steam room, shower, vestibule, bathroom and relaxation area.

Rules and regulations

There are some deviations from the general rules that should also be taken into account when planning. They relate to the shape and size of the site for the construction of a bathhouse.

According to the forms of memory

The placement of the steam room and other objects also depends on the shape of the site:

If it is rectangular, then there will be no problems with placement. Here you can realize all the owner’s ideas, there is no need to invent something or be cunning with the location.
If the shape is L-shaped, then there is a kind of niche that will be hidden from prying eyes. In such a niche you can set up a bathhouse and properly connect all communications to it, which will not interfere with the site.
If the shape of the site is triangular, you can dilute it with round winding paths, and place the bathhouse among the green spaces behind the residential building.
If the site has an elongated shape, there will be several difficulties. It is important to divide the territory into zones to make it convenient to move around.

Flower plantings, trees and shrubs can be used as details that will separate the zones. Bright plants can be planted near the short side of the plot. In this case, it is better to place the residential building on the short side of the fence, and build a bathhouse, garage and other buildings along the long side.

By territory size

If a large area requires the free placement of all buildings, then small areas of 5-6 acres require compact planning . For example, if the plot is small, then you can place a residential building along the long side of the fence, attaching a garage to it.

From the back entrance, where there is a terrace, lay a path to the bathhouse, and make the bathhouse itself at the back of the yard. It rarely happens when a sauna is planned in the most visible place - this is inconvenient, since people do not use the sauna every day.

Right next to the bathhouse you can place a children's playground, and on the other side you can make a small beautiful garden with flowers. If there is space left, you can make a small area for a garden for growing vegetables.

Requirements for construction and arrangement

A black or smoky sauna has a high fire hazard. It is built 12-15 m from wooden structures, taking into account the wind rose. A white sauna is safer in this case.

Materials for stoves are brick or concrete. Adjacent walls are protected from fire. A sealed chimney is constructed of brick, ceramics or steel. The ceiling around it is sheathed with basalt sheets.

The construction involves the presence of three rooms:

Steam rooms. The stove and shelves are placed here.
Waiting room. Used for storing equipment, brooms, and as a changing room.
Wash room. In larger structures there may be a pool or bathtub.

The entrance door is located on the south side. In winter there are minimal snowdrifts; in spring they will melt quickly. West or southwest sides are suitable for windows.

Fire safety requirements

Steam room is a room that involves the operation of heating systems. That is why, when building a bathhouse, you should study fire regulations to avoid fire. The main material used is wood. It is known to be flammable. Therefore, each structural element must be treated with a fire retardant. The use of resinous rocks is unacceptable. When heated, this natural material releases resin. And it can cause a burn.

Other requirements:

Insulation of pipes and ceilings with non-combustible materials.
Covering the walls and floors located next to the stove with heat-resistant screens.
The heating device is raised above floor level.
Placing a 65x75 cm metal plate in front of the firebox.
Availability of ventilation. May be natural or forced.
The wiring is mounted in closed boxes.
Grounding of each electrical appliance.
Self-extinguishing wire insulation.
The stove requires a chimney connected to a pipe. Smoke must not be allowed to escape through ventilation.

Compliance with fire safety standards during the construction of a bathhouse is a guarantee of the safety of vacationers and their property. Therefore, the choice of materials and the construction process are approached responsibly in order to prevent the building from catching fire.

What material is better to build a bathhouse from, choice of wall material

Many people are interested in the question: what to build a bathhouse from? Different materials are used for this: stone, brick, wood. Each individual option has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Wooden bathhouse, advantages and disadvantages of different types of wood

The traditional material for building a bathhouse is wood. She has a lot of positive qualities:

environmental friendliness;
vapor permeability;
high thermal insulation qualities;
beautiful appearance.

But its disadvantages include:

long-term shrinkage;
flammability;
exposure to fungi and mold;
low resistance to moisture;
release of resin when exposed to high heat.

Sanitary standards

Let's consider the sanitary standards that are relevant today in the construction of baths. Their purpose is to make the operation of the building safe for the health of the owners. If there is no central sewer system, an individual sewage system is required. The wastewater ends up in a sealed well and is then pumped out. The second option is preliminary filtration of water with subsequent discharge into the soil. If the site is located in a conservation area, stricter rules apply. If a central sewer system is equipped, the bathhouse drain is connected to it.

Let's consider what sanitary standards must be observed when building a bathhouse:

The tightness and performance of the chimney.
Uninterrupted operation of valves.
Environmentally friendly facing materials. The release of toxic substances when heated is unacceptable. Chipboard and cheap plastic will not work. Polystyrene foam is not used as insulation.
Properly equipped ventilation. It will prevent the formation of high humidity and condensation.

Equipment

To build baths, you need a full set of carpentry tools: axes, saws, hacksaws, hammers, squares, levels, jigsaws, hammer drills, screwdrivers and others. The necessary set of professional tools can be purchased for 10-12 thousand rubles.

To organize the production of log houses, you will need sawmills, woodworking machines, power tools and special equipment for drying wood. You can purchase a minimum set of necessary equipment for 120-140 thousand rubles.

There is no need to buy all the machines at once. Consider what equipment will be used constantly in your work. Some stages of work that require the purchase of expensive machines that are used from time to time are beneficial to trust to a reliable contractor.

Standards for the construction of bathhouses in SNT in 2022

Garden plots included in partnerships are quite common. According to the law, development is possible only if there is a document confirming ownership. These include: agreement of inheritance, sale and purchase, donation, lease. The membership book is not included here. Let's consider the standards for the construction of bathhouses on the SNT site.

If the area of the plot is 50 hectares or more, you will need to follow the so-called general plan. This is a regional development plan. A plot of 6-12 acres requires development of no more than 1/3.

According to the standards for the construction of a bathhouse at a dacha, which is part of the SNT, wooden buildings must be separated from each other by a distance of more than 15 m. This will help ensure a high level of fire safety. The building should be located at a distance of more than 1 meter from neighbors.

The table provides information on the distance between structures made of various materials:

Material	Distance in meters
Stone, reinforced concrete, concrete	6
Stone, reinforced concrete, concrete with wood overlay	8
Wood frame building	15

All this is taken into account when choosing a place to build a steam room. It is important that all standards for the construction of a bathhouse in SNT are observed.

Personnel

With a small start-up capital, a new company can get by with a few employees. The most important person is an experienced master. To perform simple work, you should hire two assistants.

In the production of log cabins, the number of employees depends on the number of orders. Two people handle the production of one log house per week. Look for experienced woodworkers.

If the business owner is a master and is engaged in the construction of baths, it is necessary to hire a customer service manager. To design baths, it is better to conclude an agreement with a specialized bureau.

If you plan to both make log houses and build baths, hire a full-time accountant. The financial affairs of a company that specializes in the construction of bathhouses from finished logs can be managed by a part-time accountant.

Construction of a bathhouse on an individual housing construction site

Territories intended for individual housing construction (IHC) are the so-called “land of settlements”. They are located in urban and rural settlements. Their main purpose is to accommodate residential buildings. But many owners also think about landscaping and building additional structures on their site. For example, saunas or baths.

The construction of capital-type structures is allowed here. They are intended for personal use. The following characteristics are legally established:

Isolation (there is no connection with the foundation of another building).
Number of storeys – maximum 3 floors.
Area – no more than 1.5 thousand m2.

According to the standards for the construction of a bathhouse on an individual housing construction site, if the building is not capital, a permit is not required for its construction. The exception is a project that involves its addition to the house.

It is very important to comply with all standards for the construction of a bathhouse on a garden plot. This will allow you to get rid of problems with authorized bodies in the future, avoid fines and orders for demolition of the structure, and protect yourself from conflicts with neighbors. In addition, he will become a guarantor of his own safety and the safety of property.

Payback

The average cost of a full-fledged bathhouse with an area of 20 m² is 750-900 thousand rubles. A team of experienced craftsmen can complete such a project in 2-3 weeks (depending on the weather and other nuances). A mini-sauna for a city apartment costs around 70 thousand rubles. A team of three people can install it in 2-3 days. If you offer construction services from finished logs, your profit will be about 40% of the total cost of the bathhouse.

The production of log houses is less profitable and is profitable either in combination with the provision of construction services, or in large volumes. If you plan to combine manufacturing and construction, profits could increase by 15%.