Wood-burning water heater, water heater, water heating with wood, water heater

Firewood and coal remain in many regions the most affordable types of fuel used to heat private cottages. However, stove heating is chosen not only because of the low cost and availability of energy, but also because of the low cost of its installation.

Moreover, in addition to many advantages, a stove with a water circuit for heating a house also has a lot of disadvantages. This option is not always optimal. Let's try to understand the nuances of such a heating system.

Differences in the design of water heaters

The name “Titan” is popularly attached to such devices, although there are several manufacturers of wood-burning speakers.

In principle, titans have a similar design, but there are still a number of differences, based on this we will give a classification:

in different models the firebox can be either separate or combined with a water tank
;

Note! This division allows the tank to be rotated, which is convenient in cases where it is necessary to make a connection in the bathroom. The tank can simply be turned in the desired direction.

By the type of tank material, we can mention products made of cast iron, ordinary steel, stainless steel; enameled water heaters have also earned positive reviews. The firebox is made of steel or cast iron;

in more modern models, a seat for installing a heating element may be provided
. If there is electricity at the dacha, then titanium will be able to work both from burning solid fuel and from the network. When equipping a structure with a heating element, the manufacturer most often equips it with a thermostat, which will allow you to automatically maintain the temperature of the water in the tank;

Also, most manufacturers take into account the operating features of the products and make it possible to pour water from above. So if , then the tank can be filled with plain water;
There are also gasified titans
, but this option from the point of view of autonomy is not the best option.

You can recognize which device is in front of you by the markings:

the designation KVL LF indicates a boiler model with the possibility of using heating elements. Most likely, this model also has a thermostat to maintain a constant temperature;
KVS - in this titanium model, the firebox and water tank are combined;

the letters KVL indicate a separate firebox and water tank.

Criterias of choice

All models differ in materials of manufacture, build quality, and technical characteristics. To select the right heater, you need to familiarize yourself with several points:

a hot water column with a built-in firebox heats up 10-15% faster;
if the firebox is separate, then the water container can be rotated and it is possible to install the watering can in a convenient position;
a cast iron firebox will last longer;
a stainless steel water container is considered more reliable and durable;
some models may have an electric heating device (TEH) to maintain the temperature.

Units made in Russia, Czech and Bulgaria are popular among consumers. Unpleasant consequences can be avoided if you know a few simple differences between a factory assembly and a fake:

It is necessary to pay attention to welding seams. If they are uneven, carelessly cleaned and do not inspire confidence, then it is better to refuse the purchase.
All accessories (handles, removable panels, covers) should fit tightly into the puzzles and be easily accessible.
Check the availability of all necessary documents: technical passport, assembly and operating instructions, warranty card with stamp and signature.

For each model, information about the water tank capacity is provided. When choosing and purchasing a unit, you need to pay attention to these indicators. If the family is small, then there is no need to buy a 200 liter dispenser.

More information about wood-burning water heaters

At first glance, such devices look like relics of the past, but it’s no joke - during the rampant electricity and gasification, it is proposed to use firewood for heating. But wood-burning titanium does not lose popularity, so it’s worth figuring out what the reason for this is

Reasons for popularity

There are several reasons for the popularity of wood-burning water heaters:

versatility - literally any flammable substance can be used as fuel with the exception of coal. Not only firewood can be used, but also sawdust, shavings, combustible waste from a summer cottage and even paper;

Note! If you nevertheless load coal into the firebox, the metal can quickly burn out - the temperature will be too high.

economical - literally 5-7 medium-sized logs are enough to heat the water in the tank. Although the water heater is inferior in heating time to its electric counterparts, the process still proceeds quickly;
ease of installation;
low cost. The price of a modern water heater is about 15,000 rubles. For this money, the buyer receives a steel tank of 86 liters, a cast-iron firebox with an ash pan, as well as a mixer and a shower head, that is, a complete set, except for a chimney. The full volume of the tank is guaranteed to heat up to 80ᵒC within 45 minutes;

Some enterprising summer residents use old water heaters as room heaters. Instead of water, sand is poured into the tank and the heater is ready for use; it can easily heat a small house in the country.

There are, of course, some minor drawbacks. For example, during severe use, the tank may leak along the seam; the reason for this lies in the fact that it is not designed to withstand significant pressure. You can also note the small thickness of the metal of the tank - about 3 mm.

Design and principle of operation

Any wood-burning water heater operates on the same principle - fuel is burned in the firebox, and the resulting energy is used to heat the water in the tank. The firebox and tank can be separated (this leads to a slight slowdown in the water heating process) or placed in one cylindrical body.

To ensure that the heat generated during fuel combustion is used as efficiently as possible, a gas exhaust pipe passes through the entire titanium. Due to this, the water heats up faster.

As for the chimney, its diameter exceeds 100 mm (manufacturers often make the outlet hole 115 mm). Due to this, conventional sandwich chimneys can be used. In order not to bother with laying it through the ceiling and roof, you can simply lead the pipe through the wall and lift it to ensure good traction.

Titan shower wood-burning water heaters have another interesting feature - the mixer that comes included has only 1 input - for cold water. But hot water is supplied from the water heater tank.

Note! It is for this reason that it is impossible to replace the complete mixer with a conventional analogue that you like. After all, typical bathroom faucets have 2 inputs.

Features of operation and improvement of titanium

The key feature of a wood-burning country water heater is that it is not designed to withstand significant pressure. The manufacturer assumes that water will be poured into the tank manually, the maximum - the required pressure will be created by a container raised on the roof, or a country water supply, but the pressure in it is low.

Separately, it is worth dwelling on the modernization of the design; a small improvement with your own hands and ordinary titanium can be used, for example, for water. Moreover, this will not lead to significant costs.

The point of modernization is that the mixer is removed from the usual circuit, and water circulation is organized as in conventional electrical devices:

cold water will enter the tank from the bottom, at the point where the mixer was previously installed;
In order for the water to be drained without problems, you will need to install an air intake valve near the top fitting. If you try to drain the water without it, then the air simply will not replace the drained water and it will not be possible to drain all of it;
a safety valve (to relieve excess pressure) is installed optionally. The fact is that if a tank raised to the attic is used as a source of water, then it will play the role of an expansion tank in the heating system and the pressure in the water heater tank will not exceed the norm;
It can also be recommended to additionally insulate the titanium tank, but this is at the request of the owner.

Installation and connection of titanium

This stage is also performed without the help of specialists. First of all, you should take care of fire safety; after all, titanium heats up quite well, and a coal can always fall out of the firebox.

Several rules must be followed:

The wood-burning water heater is installed only on a base made of non-combustible material. You can cover a section of the floor with asbestos slabs or build a small foundation of brick or concrete;

the walls should be thermally insulated; any non-combustible materials, including asbestos boards, are suitable for this.

Connection instructions may look like this:

there are 2 tanks on the roof of the shower - 1 with cold water, the 2nd with hot water (it can be lined with foam);
the pump supplies cold water to both tanks from the well; it can also be supplied from the country water supply;
then water from the insulated tank enters the titanium, heats up in it, and returns to the tank;
From both tanks, supply pipes are connected to a conventional mixer in the shower; it is also possible to install pipes for other consumers.

Note! Thermal insulation of the tank allows you to maintain sufficient water temperature for at least a day.

Main types of breakdowns

The operation of this type of speaker is impossible without a mixer, which is included in the kit in its original form.

To maximize the service life of the structure, you must follow the operating rules of this device:

The wood-burning unit should be installed only on a fire-resistant surface;
the distance from the burning fuel in the firebox to the walls must be at least 50 cm;
fuel in the firebox must not be ignited with flammable liquids;
the unit only needs to be connected to a separate chimney;
Do not use water from the unit for drinking or cooking;
leave water in the tank at zero temperature;
It is prohibited to install a valve between the upper fitting and the watering can, this can lead to additional pressure;
You cannot start the firebox when the tank is empty.

When operating a dispenser, constant monitoring of its operation is required: timely addition of fuel materials to the combustion stove, removal of combustion products.

Design and operating principle

Perhaps to the modern generation a wood-burning heater seems like a curiosity, but our parents remember well what it is. Previously, the wood-burning column was called titanium. Structurally, a wood-burning boiler is a large water tank. Its capacity in a wood-burning column may vary. The capacity varies from 80 and 200 liters. Options for wood-burning heaters with greater productivity can be easily manufactured to order. Under the water tank of the titanium shower is a firebox for wood. This is where the whole process takes place. At the top of the wood boiler there is a shower outlet. Through it, hot water flows into the mixer, which is located below. The presence of pressure is not necessary for the entire process. Water under its own pressure can drain and fill the bathroom from a wood-burning boiler, and cold water can easily be unscrewed from the well.

The best quality is considered to be a wood-burning heater with a stainless steel tank. Such a wood-burning column better resists corrosion and temperature. The firebox of a wood-burning heater can be joint or separate. The difference is that in the second version of the wood boiler, the water tank can rotate around its axis. This means that it will be easier to place such a column in any room, since the firebox can be turned towards the door. Also, such a product is easier to maintain. If the combustion chamber of the boiler needs maintenance, this can easily be done separately. The tank is also easy to repair if it starts to leak.

Advice! Choose a wood-burning stove with a cast-iron firebox. Its walls do not burn out as quickly as sheet material, so it lasts longer. It also retains heat longer.

Review of popular models

Design of “Ermak KVE 2”

Models of wood-burning water heaters are produced by domestic companies and companies from other countries.

Ermak KVE 2 is a steel wood-burning heater with a capacity of 90 liters and is in demand among consumers. The design has a steel firebox built into a black steel water tank. The set includes a tubular electric heater, a faucet and a watering can with a flexible hose.

To heat water, ordinary solid fuel, except coal, is used.

Ermak KVE 10 is a stainless steel column, analogous to KVE 2. A distinctive feature is the material of manufacture, which significantly improves the appearance and service life of the unit. The set includes an electric heating element.

Silistra KVO 1 is a Bulgarian wood-burning steel heater. There is a water tank with a volume of 80 liters inserted into the combustion chamber. The kit includes a small amount of heat-resistant clay to fix the brick, as well as a steel tap.

Neva is a domestically produced water heating device. The water tank holds up to 86 liters of water. A special feature of the column is a heater for laying stones. This allows you to additionally heat the room and generate steam. Ideal for use in showers and baths.

Danko is a wood-burning boiler from a Ukrainian manufacturer. The 90 liter water tank has a galvanized internal coating. Runs on solid fuels: coal and wood. Equipped with a tap that can be installed on the right or left. Suitable for installation in baths and saunas.

KVL-90 is a wood-burning stove consisting of a firebox, a water tank and a tap. According to consumer reviews, it has proven itself to be the best device from the Slobodsky plant. Works on any fuel except coal. The device has a split design made of high quality stainless steel.

KVL-1 – wood-burning water heater, manufactured in Kirov. Equipped with a cast iron firebox, separate from the tank. This design is convenient for installation and maintenance.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main and undeniable advantage of a wood-burning heater is fuel. Not only firewood is suitable, but also anything that can burn without emitting toxic smoke. For example, if you have old tires without a cord lying around your dacha house, you can cut them into pieces and put them to use. Heating of water with them will occur faster, because they burn well and generate enough heat. Another positive point is the ease of integration into the existing water supply system. The shower column is also easy to connect to a storage tank, which can be located on the roof to create pressure.

If there is an electricity supply to the house, then you can additionally install a heating element in the wood-burning water heater, which will heat the water when you are too lazy to carry firewood. True, in the latter, titanium heats up many times faster than an electric boiler with a smaller volume of liquid. The device is completely independent and autonomous, so no interruptions in the network or water can prevent you from enjoying hot water. Another positive point is the relatively low cost of even the “top design”.

Disadvantages include the lack of automation. If you do not take into account models with a heating element and a thermostat, then titanium cannot be left and gone. It will either go out or, conversely, begin to boil if a second stack of firewood has been made. In the cold season, when the device is not planned to be used, the water must be drained. If it freezes and expands inside, this will lead to failure of the entire structure. For some, the disadvantage will also be the need to constantly clean up waste combustion products.

Where to buy a fireplace stove with a water heating circuit?

You can buy environmentally friendly equipment for heating your home in the KaminDom online store. Our catalog contains only the best models of stoves with a water heating system. They allow you to reduce the cost of purchasing fuel by 30%. The cost of certified products from well-known manufacturers varies over a wide price range. It may depend on the type of material used, external design and heating capabilities. Our specialists offer highly qualified installation and scheduled maintenance services for equipment. We have a favorable and affordable price for each fireplace stove with a water circuit.

Possible applications

A wood-burning heater can be used in the most unusual and interesting ways. The most obvious application is in the bathroom or outdoor shower. If in the summer you like to install an inflatable pool at your dacha or have a self-made structure, then such a wood-burning boiler can be used as a heater. To do this, you just need to bring a hose to the entry point, connect the pump to it, and throw the other end into the pool. Light the titanium and turn on the circuit and add firewood. The water from the pool will flow into the boiler, warm up and return back. In a short time it will be possible to warm up a large amount of water.

Thanks to the firebox in a wood boiler, energy is transferred not only to the water, but also to the environment. This means that with the right layout and choice of location, it is possible to organize heating of additional rooms. For example, a wood-burning boiler can be mounted into the wall so that the firebox opens into one room, and the shower is located directly in the bathroom. Due to the fact that the firewood will be stored in one room, it will also be warm due to the firebox and the heated tank.

Preparing the tank for water heater assembly

To make an indirect type boiler, you can use a new or old gas cylinder. This container is made of thick stainless steel 3-4 mm thick and is perfect for working with hot water.

Before assembling the heating structure, you will need to carefully prepare the cylinder. To do this, the product is cut in half using a grinder. The inner surface of the container is cleaned using an angle grinder with an appropriate attachment.

Before assembling the boiler, the cylinder must be opened and the inner surface cleaned

After this, the inside of the cylinder is washed, dried and coated with nitro primer paint. This work must be carried out without fail, otherwise after putting the boiler into operation, the heated water will smell like gas.

When using a tank from other metal containers, preparation is carried out according to a similar scheme.

Installation process

If you are thinking about buying a wood boiler, it is good to know how to install it correctly once it has been delivered. To do this, it is necessary to determine the purposes of its use, as described above. Tools for installing a wood boiler you will need:

gas or adjustable wrench;
level;
perforator;
roulette;
fastening consumables;
Bulgarian;
metal fittings;
marking tool.

The first step before installing a wood boiler is to prepare a place for it. With a boiler tank capacity of 200 liters, the total weight with a fully filled flask can exceed 300 kg. This means that the base for the wood boiler must be strong enough. Also, the wood boiler should not be tilted, as if it falls, it can cause serious injury or death. In the room where the wood boiler will be installed, a square area with a minimum size of 1 m 2 is marked. Using a grinder, the contour is determined and a 15-20 cm deepening is made. A concrete solution is prepared from cement.

Stands made of brick or stone are placed inside the prepared recess to a height of 5 cm. The rods are evenly laid out on them. They can be twisted with tying wire to form a lattice. The concrete mixture is poured on top and compacted well. To ensure that it fills all the cavities, you can pierce it with a piece of reinforcement so that air bubbles rise to the surface. Using a spatula, the surface is leveled and usually brought to a horizontal level. The site for the wood boiler will gain full strength within two weeks.

Note! Such surface preparation will be needed if the floor in the room is leaky or if you plan to install a wood-burning heater with a large tank volume.

A sheet of galvanized metal or thick foil is mounted on the walls around the wood column. They will serve as reflectors that will prevent surfaces from overheating. The wood-burning column is placed in its place and secured to the prepared base using bolts and dowels. A chimney outlet is drawn. If there is a stove channel nearby, then you can take it directly there. But at the same time, everything needs to be calculated well so that there is no backdraft. The water supply is made, the mixer and the shower tube are fixed in place. Make sure that all threaded connections are tightly wound with tow. This is important so that boiling water from the wood boiler does not leak out.

Laying out the oven from bricks

If you have some practical experience in building brick stoves, try building a large sauna stove with your own hands. We offer a stove-heater option with dimensions of 102 x 129 cm, equipped with a 170-liter tank and designed to heat a bathhouse with an area of 12 m².

To build the stove shown in the drawing, prepare a set of materials:

solid clay brick (red) – 580 pcs.;
fireclay stone grade ША-8 – 80 pcs.;
cast iron grates measuring 30 x 25 cm - 2 grates;
main door for loading firewood – 210 x 250 mm;
ash chamber door – 14 x 25 cm;
smoke damper – 320 x 450 mm;
heater door – 51 x 42 cm;
steel pipe with a diameter of 57 x 4 mm - 6.3 m;
iron strip with a cross section of 40 x 5 mm - 2 m;
the same, size 80 x 10 mm - 2.5 m;
basalt cardboard, roofing felt.

Note. The list did not include the brick required for the construction of the chimney, cement, clay and sand for mixing the mortar.

Also, before construction, you need to weld a tank-boiler with dimensions of 102 x 77 x 25 cm from sheet steel grade St20 with a thickness of at least 3 mm. We will not outline the technology for installing a reinforced concrete foundation, preparing mortar and stove masonry - it is described in detail in the instructions for constructing a fireplace.

Let's move on to building the furnace according to the presented procedures:

The zero and first rows are laid in a continuous line. Tiers 2 and 3 form an ash pit, and a blower door is installed.
Row No. 4, covering the door, is the bottom of the fuel chamber, partially lined with fire-resistant stones with a gap of 5 mm from red bricks. Trimming is done, a grate and a loading door are inserted.
When laying tiers 5-9, the walls of the firebox are built. On the 10th row, cells are prepared for pipes, cut into pieces 1050 mm long. These parts are placed in nests and sealed with basalt cardboard, and a water container is installed.
From the 11th to the 20th tier, the furnace walls are built around the tank. On the 20th row, the end of the boiler is covered with two steel strips L = 35 cm.
The heater door is installed on the 21st row, and the laying of the outer walls continues according to the scheme up to the 26th tier. On top of the door we place 2 strips 650 mm long.
On the 27th row, the stove overlap begins to form. Cutouts are made for laying large strips 120 cm long. Bricks of the 28th tier cover the cavity of the heater, leaving a chimney opening.
The flue valve is installed on the 28th row, tiers 29-32 finally form the stove vault and the transition to the chimney.

Six jumpers in the form of Ø57 mm pipes serve as supports for the future array of stones and at the same time serve as convective air heaters in the sauna. After 2-3 days, when the solution has dried thoroughly, you need to eliminate the defects, load the heater and begin test lighting. For a detailed description of the masonry in rows, see the next video:

Do-it-yourself wood-burning heater

The design of a wood-burning heater is quite simple, so you can make it yourself at home. This will require skills in working with a welding machine, as well as other power tools. You will need the following materials and tools to make a wood-burning stove:

Bulgarian;
roulette;
welding machine;
marking tool;
metal pipe ½”;
metal couplings with ½” internal thread;
grate;
a ready-made tank or two gas cylinders;
chimney pipe;
Sheet steel.

The first step in making a wood-burning boiler is making the tank. You need to take two gas cylinders, unscrew the locking mechanisms and let them stand for several days in the fresh air. Using a grinder, the bottom of one and the other product is cut off. This results in two forecastle tanks for the future wood-burning boiler. Now a hole is made at the end in the middle of each element through which the chimney pipe in the future wood-burning boiler will pass. Two parts of the cylinders are welded together to form a tank. A piece of pipe is placed inside so that it protrudes slightly from above. The seams are well welded using a welding machine.

A hole with a diameter of 15 mm is drilled in the upper part of the cylinder for a wood boiler. A coupling with a ½” internal thread is welded onto it. This will be the outlet for the shower pipe. Another hole is made just below the middle of the cylinder. A tee is mounted to it, through which cold water will be supplied, and a mixer for the wood-burning boiler will also be attached there. The shower pipe is fixed into a coupling fixed at the top and part of it is lowered to the mixer so that it also contains hot water.

The firebox for a wood boiler is made from sheet metal. It can be made square. Height is approximately 50 cm. The bottom of the firebox for the wood-burning column is covered with a sheet of metal. The grate bars are fixed at a height of 20 cm from it. A round hole is made in the upper part of the firebox, which will serve as a mounting hole for the prepared tank. Legs made of reinforcement are attached to the bottom of the firebox for the wood column. A tank is placed on top and boiled around the perimeter. The next step is to secure the doors and install them in place.

This version of the wood-burning column design is provided as a basis. You can vary the materials, the main thing is that the basic principle of assembly is clear. Below you can watch a video of another boiler option. Having a wood-burning heater in your dacha is an excellent solution that will help you out in any circumstances and will allow you not only to always be clean, but also not to freeze on cold nights.

The simplest heat exchanger

A homemade heater looks like this:

A larger diameter shell is welded onto the central heating pipe. The result is a sealed vessel with hot coolant flowing inside it. On opposite sides of the outer pipe (in fact, this is a boiler), flanges are installed for supplying (draining) cold water. When the coolant is hot enough, the water in the boiler heats up quickly. After which the top tap can be opened and the hot water supply can be used until the hot water is replaced by cold.

If we leave aside the legality of re-equipping the collective heating network (there is hardly any serious liability for this), the system works effectively. Hot water is conditionally free, minus one-time investments in materials, and a bottle of strong drink for the welder.

If you install such a instantaneous water heater with your own hands in a private household, there will be no conventional problems.

The only limitation is the volume of the outer container. In real time, the water will not heat up; the reserve of thermal energy in the heating pipe is too small. Therefore, the system works cyclically: heating - use - heating. The higher the diameter ratio (or the longer the pipe), the greater the supply of hot water. Accordingly, the longer it will take to warm up.

Another serious drawback: in the summer (with the heating turned off) such heaters do not work.

Which material is better

When constructing a heat exchanger, metal parts are used - galvanized sheets, gas cylinders, pipes of various diameters, cast iron blanks, etc. Cast iron is not recommended because, compared to steel, it is brittle and heavy, which makes it difficult to install on a chimney.

The best option is austenitic steel. Stainless steel easily tolerates thermal changes, is resistant to mechanical damage, and can be independently processed and welded.

Galvanized steel is inferior to alloyed or austenitic steel, since it is not intended to be heated. High-temperature conditions lead to the release of zinc oxides, which are harmful to health, so if you plan to increase the temperature in the chimney to + 419.5 ºС, galvanizing should be abandoned. It is better to purchase expensive but safe material.